Objectives: The effects of sertraline (stimuloton) and placebo for treatment Shopping addiction.
Materials and methods: 50 patients suffering from Shopping addiction and 50 healthy subjects were examined at the Ministry of Health's Mental Health Center by YBOCS-SV score. Fifty were randomly assigned to sertraline (n=50) or placebo (n=50). Patients should be given 50mg in the first week, 50mg on week 2 weekly - 50mg, 3rd week 150mg / day and 5th week - 24th weeks, 200mg in the day (100mg in the morning and 100 mg evening) sertraline. Placebo group was given indifferent tablets in the same time.
Results: The results were measured prior to and after treatment with the Student t criterion. YBOCS-SV scores were 25.6 ± 4.0 before treatment, and 6.2 ± 3.5 at the end of the treatment. Thus at the end of the treatment, Student t = 8.55, the degree of freedom df = 23, p <0.001, ie the results obtained were statistically valid. A side effect during stimulation was recorded when patients were called by themselves. 12-month catamnesis observation showed that 20% of patients had a relapse.
Conclusions: treatment by sertraline group of Shopping addiction compared to placebo, resulted in significantly greater improvement in YBOCS-SV score. Side effects headache and perspiration often were observed in sertraline group.
sertraline, treatment Shopping addiction
Addiction (English addiction - addictive, very damaging habit, meaningfulness) is a requirement of a person in a broad sense. The term is often used in the expression of dependence on psychoactive substances (PAM). But lately, this term is often used in terms of non-chemical, or psychological dependency. Grooming addiction involves non-chemical addictive disorders. It should be noted that behavioral addiction is so urgent that this violation was included in DSM-5 [1] - Substance Use and Addictive Disorders (Psychoactive Substance Use and Addictive Disorders). Here, in the first place, we talk about gambling - gambling. Recently, this section has been debated about including other non-chemical dependencies - including sexual, internet, baseline addictions. Shopping addiction, i.e. Shopping addiction addiction, is called onionism (Greek onionism: onion-derived, mania-driven tendency).
For the first time in 1902, the term oniomia was proposed by E. Kraepel. E. Bleuler shows that Krepel's class of impulsive psychosis classified onionism, pyromania and kleptomania [2]. It is known that the compulsive shopping addiction is not shown as a diagnostic either in the XBT-10 or DSM-5. According to Black, the compulsive Shopping addiction should be classified into both categories, since the violation is a clinical phenomenon [3].
According to the literature, the compulsory Shopping addiction accounts for 2-8% of the total population, with 80-95% of them being women [4].
The role of psychopharmacotherapy in the treatment of compulsive shopping addiction is uncertain [5]. Some studies have shown that antidepressants are effective, especially for fluvoxamine, which is a selective inhibitor of serotonin reuptake (SGASI) [6]. But, so far, effective treatment of compulsive shopping addiction is unknown.
Thus, on the one hand, the extensive spread of compulsory shopping addiction among the population and, on the other hand, the treatment of this disorder is becoming an urgent problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of sertraline (stimulator) in the treatment of compulsive shopping addiction for 24 weeks.
50 patients suffering from Shopping addiction and 50 healthy subjects were examined at the Ministry of Health's Mental Health Center by YBOCS-SV score. Fifty were randomly assigned to sertraline (n=50) or placebo (n=50). Patients should be given 50mg in the first week, 50mg on week 2 weekly - 50mg, 3rd week 150mg / day and 5th week - 24th weeks, 200mg in the day (100mg in the morning and 100 mg evening) sertraline. Placebo group was given indifferent tablets in the same time. 50 patients suffering from compulsive Shopping addiction were examined at the Ministry of Health's Mental Health Center. The diagnosis of compulsive Shopping addiction was designated by McElroy, et al. [7]. All the inspected were women. Written consent was made in the family of patients who were included in the study. The median mean age was SD = 42.7 ± 7.0 years, mean age of compulsive Shopping addiction mean ± SD = 22.6 ± 7.1. Bipolar affective disorder, psychotic states and other somatic and mental illnesses were excluded from the reviewed patients placebo. Patients should be given 50 mg in the first week, 50mg on week 2 weekly - 50mg, 3rd week 150mg / day and 5th week - 24th weeks, 200mg in the morning (100mg in the morning and 100 mg) sertraline (stimulotone). The mean dose of treatment was 200 ± 20.5 mg. The effectiveness of the treatment was determined by the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale-Shopping Version (YBOCS-SV) scale [8]. The assessment of the condition of patients on this scale was carried out at 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 weeks. The positive effect of the treatment was that the YBOCS-SV score was 75% lower than the initiation. (Table 1)
Table 1. The socio-demographic characteristics of the control and placebo gurp patients were given in the table 1.
Characteristic |
Sertraline group* |
Placebo group |
All sex females |
50 |
50 |
Family status: |
Married with |
36 |
72 |
32 |
64 |
Divorced |
4 |
8 |
6 |
12 |
Single |
10 |
20 |
12 |
24 |
Professions: |
Works |
34 |
68 |
36 |
72 |
Not working |
10 |
20 |
8 |
6 |
Student |
6 |
12 |
6 |
12 |
*Statistical confidence between the control and placebo groups is absent
The results were measured prior to and after treatment with the Student t criterion. YBOCS-SV scores were 25.6 ± 4.0 before treatment, and 6.2 ± 3.5 at the end of the treatment. Thus at the end of the treatment, Student t = 8.55, the degree of freedom df = 23, p <0.001, i.e. the results obtained were statistically valid. An side effect during stimulation was recorded when patients were called by themselves. 12-month catamnesis observation showed that 20% of patients had a relapse. (Table 2)
Table 2. Side effects of the treatment in the control and placebo gurp
Side effects |
Control group |
Placebo group |
|
Abs. |
% |
Abs. |
% |
Dizziness |
8 |
16 |
6 |
12 |
Headache |
16 |
32 |
12 |
24 |
Fatigue |
8 |
16 |
5 |
10 |
Perspiration |
16 |
32 |
10 |
20 |
Nausea |
8 |
16 |
10 |
20 |
Sleepiness |
8 |
16 |
2 |
4 |
Ben Hague, et al. [8] wrote: “Large effect sizes were found for SSRI antidepressant medication. However, SSRIs did not show significant superiority in terms of efficacy when treating CBD compared with placebo. Interestingly, the SSRI’s citalopram and escitalopram (which share the same active compound) showed contradictory findings. Further high-quality research into the role of SSRIs in treating CBD is required; particularly as these studies currently constitute a large proportion of the current pharmacotherapy evidence base”.
This author there systematic and meta-analytical review showed that the results of CBD studies draws the following conclusions: (a) the evidence base for CBD treatments is somewhat undermined by inconsistent study quality and the risk of publication bias; research and risk of bias publications; (b) (b) both psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy treatments have been studied somewhat haphazardly and sporadically across the stages of the hourglass model; (c) the large size of the effect before fasting in high-quality studies of group psychotherapy demonstrates the promise of this approach; (d) large uncontrolled dimensions of the effect for the treatment of drugs are undermined because of poor methodological quality; (e) there is a significant placebo effect when treating a CBD with a drug; and finally, (f) the lack of significant practical research (stage 3 hourglass) is appropriate, given the scarcity of controlled studies of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy in phase 2 of the hourglass model.”
We agree whit they author that, SSRI citalopram requires further controlled study to build on promising outcomes. Clearly, CBD remains an under-recognized and challenging clinical disorder to treat. Ensuring and improving the methodological quality of future studies will improve confidence in the initial evidence that compulsive buyers can manage their compulsions to spend through relatively short-term theory-based psychotherapeutic interventions.
This study is a limitation of the number of patients and little time of observation. Nevertheless, during the 24 weeks of sertraline, treatment results show that 80% of the patients had a permanent remission. We concluded that, our results consilience with other investigates, who treated shopping addiction by fluxamine [9] and citalopram [10].
The sertraline treatment of compulsive Shopping addiction has been safe and effective. Long-term double-blind placebo-controlled investigations are needed with other SGASI. In conclusion, it should be noted that the most promising is the search for drugs for the therapy of Shopping addiction among both classical and new antidepressants in combination with psychotherapy.
Authors’ contribution
Final manuscript was approved by all authors.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest
Funding statement
No financial support was received for this study.
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