Monitoring of abusers by clinical laboratory tests and eye pupil examinations

In this study (n=500) fresh blood and urine samples of male abusers were recruited to distinguish abuse drugs and some treatment drugs. All the study population were male, and their age range was mean ±SD=41±21. They had often history consumption of the abuse drugs and take other medication too. All data were collected and analyzed by one-way ANOVA and t-test before and after detoxification. The rapid strip methods and their eye pupils’ variations determined abusers ‘treatment conditions. When comparing the test results p-value: 0≤0.05 was considered as significance level. Treatment duration follow-up of all abuser’s urine samples indicated negative results. According to the findings of this investigation rapid strip tests were useful in urine samples and eye pupils’ variations were accessible confirmation method.


Introduction
Nowadays, addiction epidemic has changed to serious social challenge and problem even in developed societies. In the poor countries social damages are consequences increased between abusers population. Statistical studies and appropriate treatment and distinguish methods will be highly efficient in preventive of addicted population. Scientific progress and advent of new sciences have led to production of new kinetic abuse substances in industrial communities. This is while during recent decade's addiction epidemics used to involved traditional substances such as opium. Different studies have been conducted in western and weak countries in line with diagnosis, treatment and prevention of traditional and industrial abuse drugs. So, they are currently conducted now. It seems that rapid and cheap-effective methods are important in addiction control and inhibition process. Based on new studies, use of fresh biologic sample of the abusers has been proposed. Hence, recruitment of the abovementioned methods especially in developing and highly populated countries will be cost effective. Use of advanced experimental tools is essential in addictives and abuse drugs distinguish, however they are not economically available all the times. Hence and according to what was mentioned earlier we propose use of initial facilities such as Immuno-chromatography rapid strips as effective in urine samples and experimental tools such evaluation of eye pupils' variations and then we develop the research procedure and framework based on them [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10].

Methods and materials
In this study a number of 500 male abusers who had addictive substances and drugs abuse such as opium, heroin, methadone, cannabis, methamphetamine, were selected and above-mentioned substances abuse form along with research participation consent form were filled for them. Each abuser subject was asked to give a fresh sample of his urine to the laboratory before detoxification. Samples were collected to do the tests. The urine were tested by rapid strips after adding some droplets of amoniaque solution, sensitivity of which is 300 Ng/ml to abuse drugs and then the results were recorded. In this study, all of the urine samples of abusers who were detoxified without using drug were tested after improvement using above-mentioned method and the results were recorded after treatment. Moreover, before detoxification confirmation of abusing and their eye pupil variation results were recorded, too. In this research, all male abusers who participated in the study gave about 100 cc urine sample to the laboratory for being tested before and after treatment. The use some droplets of amoniaque solution in urine f abusers before their test significantly remove false negative results. All of the abusers had smoking, alcohol, pain-relief and sedative medicines history [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Majority of the abusers had relatively long history of using addictive substances or drugs for more than five years. Some biochemical tests such as liver enzymes experiments were conducted on the blood samples of the study population and then their results were recorded. Moreover, some studies were also carried out to investigate anemia level of the abusers. Results of all above-mentioned tests have been shown in results the tables [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].

Results
In this research all data were obtained from questioners and related tests results. heroin, opium and cannabis drugs is becoming prevalent. Table  2 shows number of positive and negative results of prevalence of abuse substances (e.g. Heroin, opium and methamphetamine, cannabis drugs…) based on the addicts age and use history before detoxification and after treatment among urine samples and according to the rapid strip tests. Table 3 shows check of eye pupils variations in some the abusers. Table 4 shows negative results confirmatory through application of rapid strip tests above 35 years old abusers. In this study after data collection, results were compared before and after detoxification periods and then one way ANOVA and t-test statistical analyses were conducted on the data and finally p≤0.05 was considered as significant for all statistical population [1][2][3][4][5]8].

Discussion
Abusers who consumed narcotic and motivation abuse drugs in this study. They had often history consumption of the other following drugs abuse such: Heroin-Morphine-Codeine-Cannabis-Methadone-Tramadol-Buprexin-Methamphetamine-cocaine…. too. Also they had used other medication such: BNZ, TCA, MAO, Vitamins, Minerals, Anti hyperlipidemia and anti-hypertension and antipsychotic drugs, anti-cancer… supervision of clinics physicians. The rout of abuse drugs consumption between of abusers were often oral and sniffing but some of them had injected situation. In this study constriction (Myosis) and dilation (Mydriasis) of eye pupils of abusers were checked through   clinics physicians. Table 4 detail shows check of eye pupils of abusers after their drug abuse consumption. Also, normal position of eye pupils and negative results of urine rapid test were significantly reported after detoxification of abusers in this study. Also, in some cases who denied their abuse drug consumption with infusion of some unite of naloxone they were withdrew supervision of clinics physicians. In this study other parameters of clinical biochemistry such liver function tests of abusers and their liver enzymes were evaluated too. [1][2][3][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]

Conclusions
We conclude that between all drug analytical methods the cheapest and easiest tests of abuse drugs in urine samples is accesible test to distinguishing, the base function of Rapid strip test kits is Immunochromatography. They are made and available cheaper than other methods in clinical laboratory. According to background of this study, we will be recommended that to detection and diagnosis of other medicinal or drugs poisoning rapid strip test kits with sensitivity