Long term prospects for transcript aortic valve replacement- A short review

The replacement of the aortic valve through the catheter has become an acceptable alternative to surgery for patients with acute aortic stenosis and symptoms that are not suitable for work or that have a high surgical risk. Recent trials support the use of aortic valve replacement through the catheter also in patients at moderate risk, and ongoing trials assess the suitability of other groups of patients. The authors review the main anatomical features that do not complement the procedure for the replacement of the aortic valve through catheterization and obtaining echo images for the pre-abortion, intra-corporal and postoperative evaluation. Correspondence to: Taylor Eugene, College of Medicine Cardiology, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, E-mail: taylor.eugene18@outlook.com Received: February 26, 2018; Accepted: March 10, 2018; Published: March 15, 2018 Introduction The replacement of aortic valve (TARR) is now recommended for the treatment of high-risk patients, and is suffering from acute surgical symptoms (AS). 1 Tavir currently involves second-order recommendation for patients with intermediate surgical risk, but in view of large random trials epic aortic valve shows impurity in substitution, Taavir can also be an appropriate option in this population. 2.3 Volume continues to grow with increased use indicators. 5.4 In this article, we review the necessary echocardiography for the structural features of the integral tower process and pre-abortion evaluation, intra-antibody and post-operation. Since the first case of aortic catheter replacement valve (TAFER) in 2002 [1] and 96 First generation systems such as Sabinetem and Corvalfetem 97 have proven to be 98 safe and effective in patients with high aortic stenosis (AS) while further improvements It was introduced to the second generation Sabine 3TM, Inggratem and Geneafaltm . Yet there are still challenges inherent in these systems. Difficulties in inaccuracy 101 sites, valve dislocation, paraffalular calcification, ventricular atrial delivery Block and stroke always awaits the best solutions 8, 9 and 102 limited range of taper 103 showed acceptable results in the treatment of pure aortic calcification (R) 2,3 104 Design improvements focused on these challenges and importance Revisions were made to achieve better results. Anatomic Perspective One important physical difference is that Vasovitic Ortic Pico Speed was excluded for testing as standard, and can be associated with the worst procedural results compared to the tripholite valve [2-3]. A larger and more circular ring in structural variation, larger sinus and high ascending aorta, more eccentric ring, in the structural variation compared to the pilot valve, 16, which may contribute to the maximum degree of aortic dissection in the aorta (bar). Can. 15.17 Extension of Condon Dosage After More Folding Tafer Picaspeed recently demonstrated good success rates in these patients using new generation catheter valves[4]. Preoperative scaling can reduce these complications before using many complex tomography (CT) 15 as well as implantation techniques. Morphology of the Aortic Valve Rather, the scorpio associated with the aortic aortic valve valve is essential. Although many imaging patterns can evaluate the aortic valves and form the root, aortic valve diagnosis is usually performed using a colon echocardiography, opening a specific “fish fish” valve for a small mouth lamp “appearance and absence of opening in the rap should be imaged. In the patients with good quality transistoric image, which is not dense dense, the sensitivity and privacy of the diagnosis is to determine the vacuum biocytes-> 70% and> 90%, respectively 25,26 But clinical uncertainty after 15% of echocardiography can keep patients up to 10 %. Ventricular and ventricular detection Distortions Overpressure, increase in wall thickness maintains normal wall stress and the increase in thickness of the wall is often seen with a natural winding block (concentric re-projection) and an increase of the winding mass (concentric magnification). Increased thickness of the wall in S. has been associated with impaired handling of calcium, structural changes, apoptosis, and increased deposition of collagen fibers. These changes result in reduced detectable deformation properties corresponding to the room, prior to any change in F. This series of events eventually leads to a reduced stroke size and increased packing pressure, resulting in heart failure while maintaining F. Thus, imaging strain as well as diastolic function parameters may be early signs of abnormal winding function. Importantly, the European Society of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography agree to standardize the imaging strain known as distortion of imaging terminology, the type of stored data used for quantitative analysis, the method of measuring basic parameters, definition of parameters, and output results to reduce variance among respondents Eugene T (2018) Long term prospects for transcript aortic valve replacementA short review Cardiovasc Disord Med, 2018 doi: 10.15761/CDM.1000163 Volume 3(2): 2-2 Evolution of New design Based on the initial design, two different cone valves can be identified, i.e. (1) Inflatable Balloon, the original LED creator Edwards and later Seban (Edwards Life Science, Irwin, CA, USA) “selfextensible” (Medr., Minneapolis, USA) and its successor. The initial concept was a “belleball” valve: Suspended on an artificial valve, balloon and a balloon inside a metal brace. To deploy the LED, the balloon should be blown. And before the introduction of “expandable” valves, the idea of using “self-extension” beams which do not require balloons. This concept has used the unique properties of Nicole (Nickel-Nickel Mishra): Flexibility at low temperatures and hip beam restores original morphology and radial force at normal body temperature. Future design trends Curly valve thinner), thus making small vessels eligible for blood vessels, while maintaining the radial force of the stent. This can be achieved by modifying either the size or shape of the stent cells, expanding the sealing skirt or adding an additional outer seal to the prostheses. The third main focus point is the construction of a reusable and recoverable valve. To date, almost all available prostheses have this capability, although some reports suffer from engineering problems requiring further modifications [2]. Besides the prosthetic prostheses, the unique and promising concept was the direct flow (direct medical flow valve, Santa Rosa, California, USA), using a non-metallic design. The hollow plastic frame that attached the valve with a homogenous polymer should be filled to fix the artificial end permanently in the desired position. Unfortunately, despite promising initial results, the company had to stop its activities due to a lack of financial support and the valve was unavailable on the market [1]. Vascular access variant the first human implant was performed through the femoral vein with a hole across the barrier, crossing the anterograde aneurysm valve and spreading [3]. Soon a more pronounced retrograde approach through femoral artery has gained popularity and has become the “golden standard” in clinical practice. However, because some patients have zigzag, calcined or simply very narrow femoral femoral ileo vessels make them unsuitable for transfimoral-taffer (TF-TAVER), the need for alternative vascular access route is obvious. In the beginning, Transcape Transparent (Ta-Tafer) was an attractive alternative. Later it became apparent that was associated with an increased risk of bleeding, myocardial infarction, pulmonary complications and a generally higher risk of postoperative mortality compared to TF-TAF [4,5]. The causes are not entirely clear and can be attributed to a more invasive procedure involving a thoracic incision, to pre-selection of patients (as Ta Tavre is considered only if Tav-Tafer is not possible), or to combine the two. However, the research continued to use the subclavian artery or axilla, ascending aorta, or carotid artery as an alternative to TFTAVER and has been widely investigated in recent years. Results from the ROT register show promising results with direct cross-artery approach However; this involves partial shear or thoracic thoracic [4] and usually requires tugging across the axillary or cross-clavicle taper surgical cut, although successful skin conditions have been reported about it [5,6]. Similarly, carotid access can be safely performed, even under local anesthesia alone.


Introduction
The replacement of aortic valve (TARR) is now recommended for the treatment of high-risk patients, and is suffering from acute surgical symptoms (AS). 1 Tavir currently involves second-order recommendation for patients with intermediate surgical risk, but in view of large random trials epic aortic valve shows impurity in substitution, Taavir can also be an appropriate option in this population. 2.3 Volume continues to grow with increased use indicators. 5.4 In this article, we review the necessary echocardiography for the structural features of the integral tower process and pre-abortion evaluation, intra-antibody and post-operation.
Since the first case of aortic catheter replacement valve (TAFER) in 2002 [1] and 96 First generation systems such as Sabinetem and Corvalfetem 97 have proven to be 98 safe and effective in patients with high aortic stenosis (AS) while further improvements It was introduced to the second generation Sabine 3TM, Inggratem and Geneafaltm . Yet there are still challenges inherent in these systems. Difficulties in inaccuracy 101 sites, valve dislocation, paraffalular calcification, ventricular atrial delivery Block and stroke always awaits the best solutions 8, 9 and 102 limited range of taper 103 showed acceptable results in the treatment of pure aortic calcification (R) 2,3 104 Design improvements focused on these challenges and importance Revisions were made to achieve better results.

Anatomic Perspective
One important physical difference is that Vasovitic Ortic Pico Speed was excluded for testing as standard, and can be associated with the worst procedural results compared to the tripholite valve [2][3]. A larger and more circular ring in structural variation, larger sinus and high ascending aorta, more eccentric ring, in the structural variation compared to the pilot valve, 16, which may contribute to the maximum degree of aortic dissection in the aorta (bar). Can. 15.17 Extension of Condon Dosage After More Folding Tafer Picaspeed recently demonstrated good success rates in these patients using new generation catheter valves [4]. Preoperative scaling can reduce these complications before using many complex tomography (CT) 15 as well as implantation techniques.

Morphology of the Aortic Valve
Rather, the scorpio associated with the aortic aortic valve valve is essential. Although many imaging patterns can evaluate the aortic valves and form the root, aortic valve diagnosis is usually performed using a colon echocardiography, opening a specific "fish fish" valve for a small mouth lamp "appearance and absence of opening in the rap should be imaged. In the patients with good quality transistoric image, which is not dense dense, the sensitivity and privacy of the diagnosis is to determine the vacuum biocytes-> 70% and> 90%, respectively 25,26 But clinical uncertainty after 15% of echocardiography can keep patients up to 10 %.

Ventricular and ventricular detection Distortions
Overpressure, increase in wall thickness maintains normal wall stress and the increase in thickness of the wall is often seen with a natural winding block (concentric re-projection) and an increase of the winding mass (concentric magnification). Increased thickness of the wall in S. has been associated with impaired handling of calcium, structural changes, apoptosis, and increased deposition of collagen fibers. These changes result in reduced detectable deformation properties corresponding to the room, prior to any change in F. This series of events eventually leads to a reduced stroke size and increased packing pressure, resulting in heart failure while maintaining F. Thus, imaging strain as well as diastolic function parameters may be early signs of abnormal winding function. Importantly, the European Society of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography agree to standardize the imaging strain known as distortion of imaging terminology, the type of stored data used for quantitative analysis, the method of measuring basic parameters, definition of parameters, and output results to reduce variance among respondents

Evolution of New design
Based on the initial design, two different cone valves can be identified, i.e. (1) Inflatable Balloon, the original LED creator Edwards and later Seban (Edwards Life Science, Irwin, CA, USA) "selfextensible" (Medr., Minneapolis, USA) and its successor. The initial concept was a "belleball" valve: Suspended on an artificial valve, balloon and a balloon inside a metal brace. To deploy the LED, the balloon should be blown. And before the introduction of "expandable" valves, the idea of using "self-extension" beams which do not require balloons. This concept has used the unique properties of Nicole (Nickel-Nickel Mishra): Flexibility at low temperatures and hip beam restores original morphology and radial force at normal body temperature.

Future design trends
Curly valve thinner), thus making small vessels eligible for blood vessels, while maintaining the radial force of the stent. This can be achieved by modifying either the size or shape of the stent cells, expanding the sealing skirt or adding an additional outer seal to the prostheses. The third main focus point is the construction of a reusable and recoverable valve. To date, almost all available prostheses have this capability, although some reports suffer from engineering problems requiring further modifications [2]. Besides the prosthetic prostheses, the unique and promising concept was the direct flow (direct medical flow valve, Santa Rosa, California, USA), using a non-metallic design. The hollow plastic frame that attached the valve with a homogenous polymer should be filled to fix the artificial end permanently in the desired position. Unfortunately, despite promising initial results, the company had to stop its activities due to a lack of financial support and the valve was unavailable on the market [1]. Vascular access variant the first human implant was performed through the femoral vein with a hole across the barrier, crossing the anterograde aneurysm valve and spreading [3]. Soon a more pronounced retrograde approach through femoral artery has gained popularity and has become the "golden standard" in clinical practice. However, because some patients have zigzag, calcined or simply very narrow femoral femoral ileo vessels make them unsuitable for transfimoral-taffer (TF-TAVER), the need for alternative vascular access route is obvious. In the beginning, Transcape Transparent (Ta-Tafer) was an attractive alternative. Later it became apparent that was associated with an increased risk of bleeding, myocardial infarction, pulmonary complications and a generally higher risk of postoperative mortality compared to TF-TAF [4,5]. The causes are not entirely clear and can be attributed to a more invasive procedure involving a thoracic incision, to pre-selection of patients (as Ta Tavre is considered only if Tav-Tafer is not possible), or to combine the two. However, the research continued to use the subclavian artery or axilla, ascending aorta, or carotid artery as an alternative to TF-TAVER and has been widely investigated in recent years. Results from the ROT register show promising results with direct cross-artery approach However; this involves partial shear or thoracic thoracic [4] and usually requires tugging across the axillary or cross-clavicle taper surgical cut, although successful skin conditions have been reported about it [5,6]. Similarly, carotid access can be safely performed, even under local anesthesia alone.